In this study, a multi-objective optimization approach is used to analyze and compare the coefficient of performance, exergy, and cost of vapor compression refrigeration systems incorporating four low global warming potential refrigerants, namely, R1234yf, R717, R1233zd(E), and R152a, in comparison to R134a. The research aims to identify the most efficient and cost-effective refrigerant options with low environmental impact by evaluating these parameters. The evaporator temperature and condenser temperature impact on COP, energy efficiency, and annual plant cost rate was investigated. Results indicate that R717 outperforms all other refrigerants examined, while R152a and R1234zd(E) perform slightly lower but better than R134a. R1234yf exhibits the poorest performance. At condenser temperature of 323 K and evaporator temperature of 253 K, R717, R1233zd(E), and R152a demonstrate 12.20%, 10.70%, and 9.21% higher COP values compared to R134a. Additionally, the corresponding decreases in plant cost rate for R717, R1233zd(E), and R152a, as compared to R134a, are 5.41%, 4.80%, and 4.18%, respectively. The findings provide valuable insights for the selection and use of low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, advancing sustainable refrigeration technologies.