The solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) is the efficient system for transforming solar energy into useful heat. The current work presents a year-round thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis on PTC. The analytical model is developed using the thermodynamic and heat transfer equations, and the performance parameters are evaluated hourly. The performance of the PTC with different working fluids namely sytherm 800 and therminol VP-1 is assessed for the Hyderabad climate. In addition, the PTC system performance under different tracking modes throughout the year is examined. The mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) impacts the system's thermal performance and is considered as key parameter. The obtained results include a maximum change in temperature of 16.77°C, and 6.28°C for sytherm 800 and therminol VP-1, respectively. The full tracking mode's maximum energy and exergy efficiency with sytherm 800 is 73.12% and 13.19%.