Proceedings of the 27th National and 5th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference December 14-17, 2023, IIT Patna, Patna-801106, Bihar, India
Assessment of Heat Removal Capability of Steel Containment by Passive Air Cooling
Resumo
The passive containment cooling system (PCCS) is one of the
main passive safety systems in the advanced pressurized water
reactors and small modular reactors (SMRs). As per International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), SMRs are the
advanced nuclear reactors that have capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit. PCCS utilizes natural phenomena to remove the residual heat released from the reactor to the containment
during the accidents, for preventing the overpressure of the
containment shell. The design pressure of the containment shell, vary from reactor to reactor, depending on the capacity
and design of the reactor. The design pressure values for steel
containments are higher than concrete containments and are
generally greater than 5 bar. To maintain the pressure of the
containment during accidental conditions it is important to have reliable PCCS. It is necessary to evaluate the PCCS performance with suitable numerical methods backed by experiments. This paper provides the details of the experimental test facility developed with an aim of providing an understanding of the containment cooling phenomenon and its
capability of heat removal by the natural draft of air between
the containment and chimney. The pre-test results are obtained
from analytical model which is further benchmarked with the
best estimate thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD3.2. The heat removal rate, air outlet temperature, air mass flow rate and
overall heat transfer coefficient, obtained from analytical model and RELAP were found to deviate within 1.06%, 0.65%, 6.15% and 6.14% respectively. From the study, it was found that the heat transfer rate of 600 W from the containment, almost doubles by using chimney to 1.27 kW. The optimum value for the hydraulic diameter was found to be 0.825 m. The heat transfer rate was found to increase with increase in chimney height, containment wall temperature and with decrease in air inlet temperature.