Solar thermal power plants are a promising source of renewable energy, capable of harnessing the sun's heat and converting it into electricity. Targeting high efficiency and performance of such plants is the design of the solar thermal receiver, which absorbs concentrated solar radiation and transfers it to a working fluid for subsequent power generation. The primary objective of the receiver design is to maximize the absorption of solar radiation while minimizing thermal losses. High-performance materials with excellent solar absorptance and low emittance properties are preferred for receiver surfaces, ensuring efficient energy absorption. Additionally, advanced coatings and selective surfaces had been developed to enhance the receiver's thermal performance.

Optimal receiver geometries are another critical aspect of the design process. The shape and size of the receiver impact the concentration of solar energy and heat transfer characteristics. Different geometries, such as cylindrical, flat plate, or volumetric, have been investigated, considering various factors like losses, efficiency, and maintenance requirements for a beam down plant. Various geometrical configurations have been explored to maximize the performance and minimizing the losses.